"ceiling trims"

Aquatics centre of Stratford, London, designed by architect Zaha Hadid Its original architectural wave made this place one of the most visible for tourists in London. The aquatics center will be used for swimming, diving and synchronized swimming and for the Water-polo competitions. The center can host more than 17500 people. It will replace the swimming pools of Crystal Palace National Sport Centre located in the south-east of London, and will become swimming-center of London. The Aquatic center ceiling is composed of 138 petals of Barrisol acoustic Lighting, using the Barrisol Star rail system. Architect : Zaha Hadid

The Royal Caribbean Company, specialized on cruise ship construction, has recently inaugurated the Oasis of the Seas, the biggest and the most luxurious ship of the world. With its 360 meters long, this monster of seas can welcome 7400 persons. As a central meeting point, the Royal Walk is a place to relax and to admire oceans. 920 m² of microperforated Barrisol Acoustics® stretched ceilings were installed, offering an excellent acoustic quality. Barrisol® stretched membranes also dressed 7 " trees umbrellas " with white matt finish and the kiosk lamps with translucent Barrisol Blanc Vénus ®.

The very best of Nordic design found a home at this year’s London Design Fair (September 20th -24th) in the shape of the stunning Danish Living Room, a unique exhibition space which showcases a selection of inspirational products, materials and styles that capture and celebrate Danish culture. Crown Paints provided the attractive backdrop to the installation by donating 70 litres of its Clean Extreme Scrubabble Matt in a range of complementary colours to create an immersive visitor experience. After the show, the walls and ceilings were painted back to their original colour using Crown's Clean Extreme Scrubbable Matt.

Three of the UK’s leading access specialists have come together to form the Access 360 portfolio, providing a total manufacturing solution for roof, ceiling, wall and floor access products for the construction industry. Access 360 comprises Bilco UK, Profab Access and Howe Green. These well-established brands all have a strong reputation for delivering innovative solutions to address the challenges of safe access within a building or external environment. The brand identities have been updated, reflecting the holistic offer that Access 360 presents to the market, to represent the synergy between the brands and the complementary nature of the products.

More than 13,000 litres of Johnstone’s Trade’s Microbarr Anti-Bacterial Acrylic Matt has been used to deliver a stunning finish at the brand new Alder Hey in the Park hospital in Liverpool. Microbarr Anti-Bacterial Acrylic Matt was applied over the course of the two-year decorating cycle, covering 51,000 sq m of walls and ceilings. A wide variety of colours were used throughout the building, including warm grey, avocado green, yellow, taupe, cobalt blue and olive. This helped to create the inviting atmosphere that was so important to the client and building’s designers.

Komfort’s Polar glazed partitions were used to divide spaces and create enclosed meeting areas. This is a stylish solution which allows light to permeate the space and creates an environment which encourages collaboration and creativity. Manifestations were used on the glazing to meet Health and Safety regulations and also to provide privacy when necessary. To maximize the use of space, whilst meeting stringent fire and acoustic performance requirements, we selected our Komfire system. Komfire offers a distinct angular partition that was integrated with door frames. Komfort manufactured the ceilings and Formica doors which were used on the meeting rooms.

Products from leading paint brand Johnstone’s Trade have been used to bring a student housing development in Liverpool sparkling back to life in time for the start of the new academic year. Cambridge Court, which is managed by the UK’s leading developer and manager of student accommodation UNITE, sits in the heart of the city and its 265 rooms, communal areas and hallways were in need of a facelift before the new intake of students. Offering excellent value, the Acrylic Durable Matt boasts a unique washable formula allowing walls and ceilings to be regularly cleaned between redecoration programmes.

Part of a wider £30,000 refurbishment project, PPG's High Build Epoxy Floor Coating was applied to all internal floor areas. Perfect for application onto new and existing concrete floors, PPG EP301 is a two component, solvent free product that provides a smooth, easy to clean finish resistant to oil and chemical spilage and has excellent wear resistance to low moderate abrasion; such as foot and rubber tyre traffic. To complete the refurbishment, Johnstone’s Jonmat Premium Contract Matt in Brilliant White was applied to the walls and ceilings to provide excellent coverage, leaving a permeable breathable finish.

Over 250 litres of Johnstone’s Professional Gloss combined with 37 used shipping containers have helped to create a unique three-storey complex of fully-equipped office space in the North East. Ideal for use on metal surfaces, Johnstone’s Professional Gloss was used to paint the exterior of the containers to give a durable, high gloss finish. Other products from Johnstone’s extensive range were also used, with Johnstone’s Vinyl Soft Sheen and Johnstone’s Covaplus Vinyl Matt emulsion, both of which are part of Johnstone’s Ecological Solutions range, applied to the interior walls and ceilings.

Architecture & design practice KSS redesigned the changing suite for Premier League Southampton FC. Rockfon® Mono® Acoustic was chosen to help ensure the perfect environment for pre-match preparedness. KSS Michael McCollum, “Excellent acoustics are fundamental to creating the right atmosphere, and good speech intelligibility is critical. Finishes are necessarily of resistant materials, so a class A acoustic absorber was required. Rockfon was specified by KSS as it was able to conform to the curvilinear geometry of the room. Mono Acoustic provides a high quality, monolithic appearance fulfilling the brief for a single, unifying, neutral ceiling element, enclosing but not dominating ..”

A single-pipe hot water system based has been installed with 1.2km of RAYCHEM HWAT-R self-regulating heating system supported by 13 RAYCHEM HWAT-ECO controllers. As the system uses half the pipework of a conventional recirculation system, on-site installation time was cut dramatically and this was enhanced further by use of the RayClic connection systems. It also meant that space savings could be made in walls and ceiling voids. The system is low-maintenance, a critical factor due to the sensitive nature of this building and can now be very easily extended during further planned developments.

The Portals Hills Boutique Hotel in Mallorca consists of 29 condos and 2 penthouses. Visitors are immediately struck by the flawless white facade and soft, rounded corners. With floor-to-ceiling glazing, extensive balcony and terrace areas overlooking the Mediterranean and an infinity pool, balustrades were a key design element. The balustrade not only needed to provide transparency, but also an ornamental appearance. The Q-line posted railing system ultimately comprises 316-grade stainless steel posts and handrails with delicate steel bar infill running horizontally. For some parts, curved bars were installed.

The Quadro features a thermally-efficient loft hatch and ladder that can be made-to-measure to fit each customer’s needs. Available as a 3-part folding wooden loft ladder for ceiling heights up to 3.44m. Benefits of the Quadro loft hatch and ladder include…• Made-to-measure loft hatch • Highly insulated (U-value 0.77 W/m2K) • 4-point locking trapdoor for an airtight seal (Class 4 certified) • Concealed hinges • Wide treads with anti-slip profile for comfort and safety • Hatch box finished in white • Pre-drilled hatch box for quick & easy installation.

“The Word has set the standard for Design thinking in the UK.” David Lindley, Executive Director at Designing Libraries. The Word, National Centre for the Written Word, is the iconic centre piece of a multi-million pound regeneration project in the heart of South Shields. Arranged as a modern rotunda, The Word offers innovative facilities designed to inspire creative ideas and nurture a love of learning. ROCKFON® Mono® Acoustic seamless ceiling system is installed throughout to meet both the aesthetic and acoustic requirements which helped the project win the prestigious Public Sector Interiors Project of the Year award.

Leading Engineering and Construction company VolkerFitzpatrick awarded SAS’s Special Projects division the contract to design, manufacture and install the feature ceiling at Network Rail’s new Meridian Water Station in Enfield. Working closely with concept architect Karakusevic Carson Architects, project delivery architect Acanthus, SAS undertook the contract for the anodised Regency Gold triangular coffered soffit. The bespoke geometric system is a unique feature of the station and lends itself to SAS Special Project’s ability to take on complex and challenging design intent and work seamlessly as part of VolkerFitzpatrick’s delivery team on this signature project.

St. Bartholomew’s Hospital was originally founded in 1123 and the latest design was handled by architects HOK International Ltd, as part of a major redevelopment, which involved the hospital staying open during construction.Key features of the design are four Pendock Radius column casings that span the floor to ceiling height of almost 18 metres, which are located on one side of the main atrium. In addition, a further 65 casings of between 2.7 and 4.1 metres in height were installed on different floors within corridors, waiting rooms and admin areas. All casings were bespoke manufactured.

Recently refurbished, Vodafone’s Manchester office is the first building in the UK to combine two electric moveable walls, delivering an entirely automated system for dividing room space. Working with architects, CMI Workplace and main contractor, Overbury, Style was specified to install a fully automatic Dorma Moveo Glazed ComfortDrive moveable wall adjacent to a Skyfold, the fully automatic, vertically rising operable wall, housed in the ceiling cavity. At the push of a button, the walls open and close with ease, offering a phenomenal lab tested 50dB Rw acoustic integrity for the glass system, and 51dB Rw for the Skyfold.

A Stannah Midilift SL has brought access for all in Air Extreme, the South West’s premier indoor trampoline park in Barnstaple, proving once again what a good sport this platform lift is. Essential for people who can’t use the stairs, this hydraulic lift enables access for all to two storeys of high-octane facilities, designed to push fitness levels to the max. The Midilift SL can fit where standard passenger lifts can’t – next to the turned metal staircase in this case, with both freestanding structures sharing the same ceiling aperture to the first floor.

Schroders’ modern new headquarters at 1 London Wall Place provides an innovative and collaborative working environment for 2,500 employees based in the City. Adding flexibility to the meeting rooms and auditorium area, partitioning expert Style recommended installing seven, high-end Skyfold Classic 60 operable walls. Vertically-rising, the Skyfold fully automatic partition is conveniently concealed in the ceiling cavity, descending gracefully at the touch of a button to sub-divide rooms in a matter of moments. Divided areas benefit from the incredible 59db Rw acoustic integrity, allowing concurrent activities to run in peace.

Style has installed one of the UK’s largest Skyfold vertical-rising partitioning walls, delivering an exceptional acoustic divide to the new Sir Kenneth Wheare Hall, Oxford Brookes University. Just under 19m wide and with a clear opening height of 7m, the fully automatic moveable wall is housed in the ceiling cavity and descends gracefully at the push of a button to be fully opened in just 2½ minutes. Skyfold takes up zero floor space when not in use whilst the acoustic performance is second to none, ensuring concurrent events can take place either side of the divide, completely undisturbed.

Loft Hatch with Youngman Loft Ladder ** We can make any size Loft Hatch ** Our Loft Hatch is supplied with a Youngman Telescopic Loft Ladder which is already fitted to the rear of the Loft Access frame for easy installation. Suitable for ceilings where regular access to loft space is required. The panel is fitted with a Loft Ladder No of Treads: 9 Floor to Hatch Height: 2170mm to 2610mm Load Capacity: 150kg (23.6st) Material: Anodised aluminium Foot Material: Plastic Opening: Automatic locking and release Certifications: Tested in accordance with EN 14975 Loft Hatch with Ladder

The Leicester FC state-of-the-art £100m elite sports training facility occupies a 185-acre site in Seagrave, Leicestershire. Designed by KSS Architects, a world-leading specialist in the design of major sports venues and training centres, the project was a core aspiration of the club’s Chairman Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha who tragically died in 2018.The training centre is regarded as one of the most advanced in Europe in terms of its quality, scale and sustainability ambitions. KSS specified Rockfon® Mono® Acoustic – a seamless acoustic ceiling – for key areas throughout the site. Son of Khun Vichai and current Leicester City Chairman, Aiyawatt Srivaddhanaprabha, “A new training ground has been a dream many years in the making, so it is with great pride that we have been able to deliver this. Seagrave will be a pivotal part of the club’s operation for generations to come.”Rockfon Mono Acoustic – the perfect matchAround 430m2 of Rockfon Mono Acoustic ceilings are installed to ensure optimum sound control while delivering a seamless, smooth, aesthetic. Among others, these spaces include the hydrotherapy pool area, the 1st Team changing room and the Owners Suite.KSS Associate Director Lorenzo Pierini, commented, “Rockfon Mono Acoustic was the clear choice for use throughout these spaces as it gave us the contemporary, minimalist look we wanted, while meeting the demanding acoustic control required.”The ultimate alternative There are several acoustic ceiling options available but for the ultimate in looks and sound control, an acoustic render provides the perfect solution. With Rockfon Mono Acoustic, the ceiling tile substrate is installed and then finished with a specialist acoustic render to create a seamless surface. Mono can be used for ceilings, walls, or to create bespoke islands. Its versatility means it can be used to form curves, easily transitioned into plasterboard or integrated into existing mouldings. Outstanding performance Mono achieves Class A sound absorption and Class A2 fire protection whilst delivering 87% light reflection and greater than 99% light diffusion. Thanks to its core of naturally occurring, non-hygroscopic stone wool, it provides no sustenance to harmful micro-organisms, embodies high humidity resistance and is impervious to most environmental pressures. It is Bronze level Cradle to Cradle Certified® and can also contribute valuably to LEED, BREAM and WELL Building Standards.Installation courtesy of Pacy & Wheatley. Pacy & Wheatley Director Craig Wheatley, “The scale and ambition of this project is truly epic. As with the majority of modern developments, large windows, stone, structural steel and other resonant architectural elements can generate unwanted sound. That’s where Mono Acoustic really scores as it does not necessitate a compromise between style and sound control – a win win – if you will. Its flexibility meant we could seamlessly integrate linear and spot lighting at Leicester and neatly incorporate hatches for easy access to the services above. In the pool area the system also enabled us to elegantly transition into plasterboard perimeter upstand abutments.”The wider masterplan The training ground masterplan includes the Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha Building, which houses the primary training, medical and administrative hub. There are twelve full-size pitches, a show pitch with a 499-seat stand to allow academy teams to play in a match environment, The King Power Centre – the site’s central point, housing a full size indoor pitch and media centre that moulds into the landscape, an integrated training centre for first-team and academy squads including fitness and hydrotherapy suites, tactics, media, dining facilities and a nine-hole recreational golf course. McLaren were appointed Main Contractor at Seagrave and were responsible for leading the project. Senior Project Manager at the firm, Simon Ruddick, “The unrelenting progress of this project from day one was a testament to our continued ethos of partnering with key customers, and working to overcome delivery challenges... We have overcome some of the most challenging weather in recorded history too, and of course restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.”McLaren Managing Director, South, Jay Newman, “It has been an honour to partner with Leicester City to deliver their new training facility, set to shape the players of today and tomorrow. Building on our considerable experience in sports and leisure, Seagrave has become one of the most modern training facilities in Europe. 

Hinchley Wood School in Esher, Surrey is a mixed comprehensive academy, providing education for 11-18-year olds. They tasked Hush with a project to improve acoustic comfort in their sports hall following the success of a previous project to install Hush Absorber Panels within their canteen in 2016.Mike Robeson, Director of Finance and resources at the school, contacted us regarding their purpose-built Sports Hall in which they were experiencing severe reverberation issues. The Sports Hall has been in use for many years to carry out PE lessons and other sporting activities, along with being used as an Examination Hall.When being used for exams, the school were having to temporarily lay a carpet on the floor to dampen the sounds within the hall, hoping to create a calming and relaxing atmosphere with minimal echoes. However, this was unsatisfactory, and they sought an effective long term solution.When conducted a site visit which enabled us to measure the Sports Hall to be 8.5m in height, 27m in length and 18 m wide. The ceiling area features metal trunking around it and measures 486 sq. m in total. We calculated that 230.4 sq. m would need to be acoustically treated.In order to effectively treat the reverberation issues within the area, we specified 192x 50mm Hush Absorber panels to make the hall acoustically fit for purpose and they would need to be directly bonded to the metal deck.The panels that we supplied the school were from our new Polysorb range, in which the product itself is made from polyester as opposed to foam, giving equally excellent acoustic results. We also supplied these panels with a hard face material, to be damage protected from any equipment which may make its way up to the ceiling.The Polysorb panels are manufactured from 100% recyclable Polyester, in which a minimum of 45% is from post consumer waste PET (Plastic Bottles). The panels have been designed for exceptional sound absorption qualities, whilst being light-weight, impact resistant and durable. These panels can also be cut to any required size and finished in your chosen design.We allowed 5 working days to be able to fit the panels and were able to finish within 4. Whilst installing them, we also rescued 12 footballs and a whole host of shuttlecocks from the ceiling area!We are pleased to have been able to help the school with their reverberation issues and to make a positive impact on the pupils learning, as well as making for a more appropriate and less noisy exam hall.

When the owner of an office building on the Isle of Man took the decision to redevelop the property into four apartments, he partnered with chartered architect Andrew Bentley to arrive at a design. The building had previously been converted from a bar to offices in the 1990s, but the approach adopted to the soundproofing as part of this conversion project would need to be fully assessed and tested for compliance with today’s domestic dwelling standards. STEPPING UP TO HIGHER ACOUSTIC STANDARDSUnder the building regulations covering the Isle of Man, which are consistent with Approved Document E in England & Wales, the separating floors needed to achieve an airborne sound transmission level greater or equal to 43db and, for impact sound transmission, no higher than 64db. Following a comprehensive consultation period by Hush Acoustics soundproofing experts, it was apparent that the existing acoustic flooring design fitted during the original conversion was inadequate. This meant a complete redesign of the floors was required to bring them up to an acceptable residential standard.A SOLUTION THAT EXCEEDED EXPECTATIONS The solution came with the Hush MF Ceiling System. This creates a suspended ceiling, separated from the existing structure using the Hush Acoustic Hangers, allowing for Hush-Slab 100 sound absorber slabs to be fitted into the void created. Two layers of 15mm Soundbloc plasterboard were then installed onto the suspended ceiling’s metal frame.Key to the success of the new acoustic system was the quality of the installation, which the Hush Acoustics team – as with all projects – offered guidance on to the installation contractor. This was important from a fire safety perspective too, with a fire specialist also engaged to ensure all gaps, junction details and products were installed and sealed correctly. ‘BEST EVER’ ACOUSTIC RESULTS As a result of this new acoustic flooring, the flats benefit from soundproofing levels not normally seen in conversion projects of this kind. The airborne sound insulation levels for the floors tested in various rooms ranged from 50db to 67db (minimum level to pass test is 43db) and for impact sound it was between 38db and 50db (must be below 64db).Project architect Andrew Bentley commented:“The test results were so good that the acoustician who carried out the testing of the completed installation said it was the best results he had ever seen. In the lounge of one of the flats, there was virtually no background noise detected despite sound of 107db being generated in the lounge of the flat directly above – that’s a noise level almost as loud as you would experience at a rock concert.”

Project: Derry Sports ComplexYear: 2014Architect: Samuel Stevenson & Sons Assembly:·        Roof - APL StrongBak™ (perforated) acoustic roof with APL 65ZS aluminium standing seam system·        Wall – APL Slimwall™ Flat Panel System Size:·        Approx 15,000 m² of StrongBak™, APL 65ZS standing seam & Silmwall™ panels Special Features:·        StrongBak™ supplied in special white colour so no suspended ceilings required·        StrongBak™ supplied in aluminium over swimming pool area·        Building generally 10m high Building Location:·        Derry, Northern Ireland

Located in the heart of tourist London, St James’s Park Café occupies a prime spot overlooking Duck Island and St James’s Lake. The curved wooden building features a sweeping 200-seat roof terrace and floor to ceiling glass windows where diners can while away an hour or two admiring the infamous pelicans and black swans of St James’s Park. With 5 million visitors to the park each year, café operators, Benugo, have quite a challenge maintaining service and facilities. INTRAsystems was selected to meet these challenges with INTRAgrille T3465 in grade 304 stainless steel. Read more...

As part of a recent major re-development of London’s 40 year old National Army Museum there were a number of fire safety requirements to be considered. Large areas of glass characterise this modern building, enhancing the high ceilings and spacious exhibition rooms requiring correspondingly large internal fire doors. Moralt’s Laminesse FireSmoke 54mm door cores offered the architect the ability to achieve the requirement of high and wide double doors fire rated to 60 minutes. Officially re-opened in March 2017 by Her Majesty the Queen and Prince Phillip, it has been transformed into five bright thematic galleries.

A spacious and beautifully proportioned Georgian farmhouse situated in rural Broadland, Norfolk has been sympathetically and carefully renovated by an award-winning developer. Sash windows, bi-fold and French doorsets from the Lomax + Wood Kensington & Chelsea range have been installed throughout the property.Oversized French doorsets in the formal reception room provide ample daylight and easy access to the extensive gardens. With an elegant, bespoke fanlight which extends almost to ceiling-height and has been designed with a classic Diamond pattern. Lomax + Wood produce made-to-order timber sash windows with either spring balanced operation or traditional cords and weights.

An innovative new residential property built on Passivhous principles, located on the site of a former walled garden within a classic Georgian country house estate, utilises Promat SYSTEMGLAS® Celare fire resistant glazing system from fire, thermal and acoustic solutions specialist Promat UK. With the aim of maximising natural daylight, the design incorporates a number of full height modern slim floor to ceiling windows using the SYSTEMGLAS® Celare glazing system. By choosing SYSTEMGLAS®, the architect and builder have been able to benefit from Promat UK’s ‘360 degree wheel of assurance’ for fire rated glazing systems.

Take a look at our recently completed project, Hadrian’s Tower! Standing proudly at 82-metres, it's the tallest building in Newcastle, and it's transforming the city’s skyline.Home to 162 luxury apartments, a premium cocktail bar and fine dining restaurant, Hadrian's Tower is answering the local need for housing in a modern, innovative way. The exterior features CW 65 unitised curtain wall which spans the full height and width of the build, achieving its iconic appearance. And inside, each apartment benefits from floor-to-ceiling and wall-to-wall windows that perfectly frame views across the city.Architect (Hadrian's Tower): FaulknerBrowns

ROCKFON has successfully worked together with Global Contract Interiors, Kier Construction and Architects Seymour Harris, to establish a fully compliant range of acoustic solutions that meet the required performance specifications at the new Phoenix Academy in Telford; built as part of the council’s Building Schools for the Future programme. Around 2,000m² of ROCKFON products: Rockfon Scholar and Samson wall panels; Rockfon Contour suspended baffles; and Rockfon Alaska suspended raft islands, were installed throughout the school to improve acoustic sound absorption – particularly in areas where the school design meant that traditional suspended ceilings were unable to be installed.

RSP Consulting Engineers designed 1.8km of RAYCHEM HWAT-R self-regulating heating cable in a single-pipe hot water system throughout this new hospital. Capable of maintaining water temperatures at a standard 55°C, the system also provides the capability to boost temperatures to 65°C periodically during legionella prevention cycles. The system is controlled via 19 RAYCHEM HWAT-ECO controllers which communicate seamlessly with the central BMS. As the system uses half the pipework of a conventional re-circulation system the installation time was cut dramatically and much needed space savings were made in walls and ceiling voids.

SAS International delivered standard and bespoke SAS metal ceiling systems to PwC, Manchester. Across the main workspaces, SAS330 was installed presenting a pristine and uniform aesthetic which contributes to the open-plan design. For the communal area, bespoke hexagonal SAS600 rafts were designed and manufactured to protect the specified lights. SAS810 Tricell was installed in the break-out area contributing to the sleek and intelligent design. Further floors were completed in early 2019 which introduced SAS330 Mesh in 12 meeting rooms. This striking people-centric office space has won the Fit Out of Workplace Award at the BCO Awards.

The refurbishment of 30 Panton Street has created an outstanding mixed-use development in London. In the entrance hall, full height dark umber anodised wall panels stand out against the polished stone walls and floors. Guiding visitors to upper floors, the aluminium panels have unique integrated lighting strips adding a warm glow to the foyer. Over the office security gates, pale umber anodised SAS200 leads visitors to the stairs, lifts and upper levels. Both the wall panels and ceiling system have a flush, concealed grid echoing the clean lines of the stone wall and floor panels.

Welcoming the building users the creatively versatile SAS740 has been installed in the reception area. For the 120-seat lecture theatre, the architects had envisioned a feature ceiling with an angled effect. SAS200 panels were designed at a 16-degree angle to create an angular effect, accomplishing the he architect’s design intent. The offerings on the ground floor also includes a seminar space. For this SAS specified the visually engaging SAS500 baffles which offers enhanced acoustic performance due to double faced panels. In completion, SAS also supplied SAS600 rafts to this purpose-built hub which connects business and academia.

SAS International designed and supplied metal ceiling products to the beautiful offices of Allied Irish Bank, Molesworth Street. Collaborating with RKD Architects & StructureTone, a range of systems including SAS130, SAS330 triangular fused mesh panels, SAS330 planks and SAS Tee Grid were supplied to accommodate the office area, boardroom and communal areas. SAS130 Mesh was chosen for its aesthetic and Class A acoustic absorption capability, enhancing a productive working atmosphere ideal for an open plan space. To overcome a specific challenge with the breakout area on the project, the SAS330 triangular suspended mesh panels were manufactured with a fused edge detail.