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SSBI SSF 46-15: Pressure Marking of Prepainted Sheet Steel
Trimet Building Products
Pressure marking, also known as pressure mottling or imprinting, is an uneven or irregular gloss pattern on the face of a prepainted sheet steel. The photograph in Figure 1 shows what pressure marking looks like. The mottled appearance takes place when the gloss components in the prepainted top coat are compressed or flattened during the manufacturing and coiling process. The condition is more prevalent on dark colours and high gloss products. Pressure marking is also typically noted in the centre of the strip where the coiled product is under the most pressure
How to series: Light Gauge Steel Roofing and Siding
Trimet Building Products
Preface One of the objectives of the CSSBI and its members is the development of standards and technical publications that promote safety, performance and good practice. This "How To Series" of publications is an educational tool intended to give guidance to anyone specifying sheet steel building products. This particular publication is published as an aid to building owners as well as roofing and siding installers. It offers simple and practical recommendations for the selection, application and installation of light gauge steel cladding. This is a generic guide giving the basic details and should only supplement the specific recommendations or guidance published by the manufacturer appropriate to their own products. The views expressed in this guide are a collection of installation techniques and do not necessarily reflect those of all member companies of the CANADIAN SHEET STEEL BUILDING INSTITUTE. The material presented in this publication has been prepared for the general information of the reader. While the material is believed to be technically correct and in accordance with recognized good practice at the time of publication, it should not be used without first securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any specific application. Neither the CANADIAN SHEET STEEL BUILDING INSTITUTE nor its Members warrant or assume liability for the suitability of this bulletin for any general or particular application.
CSSBI SSF 45-15: Lightning and Steel Roofing
Trimet Building Products
When a homeowner is considering the purchase of a steel roof a common question is whether it will increase the risk of a lightning strike. After all, steel is highly conductive, just like the materials used in lightning rods, so doesn’t it stand to reason that the steel roof will attract lightning? The short answer is, NO, steel roofing will NOT increase the risk of a lightning strike in any way. For all intents and purposes, nothing ‘attracts’ lightning. Lightning occurs on too large of a scale to be influenced by small objects on the ground, including steel roofs. The location of the thunderstorm overhead alone determines where lightning will hit the ground. A lightning bolt that is several miles long, generated by a cloud that is more than 6 to 10 miles high, is not going to be influenced by an object the size of your house. 652 Bishop St. N., Unit 2A, Cambridge, Ontario N3H 4V6 • Tel.: (519) 650-1285 • Fax: (519) 650-8081 • www.cssbi.ca The descending stepped leader of a lightning bolt doesn’t ‘decide what to strike’ until it is very close to the ground. When a cloud-to-ground lightning channel is forming, it is going to strike the ground where the opposing charges are greatest, directly underneath the storm’s most electrically active region. If you are standing at that exact location, you will be hit, even if there’s no metal within miles! Conversely, if you are farther than 500 feet from that location, you could wave your golf club or umbrella high in the air, but you won’t draw the lightning away, even slightly, from striking where it’s going to strike. Steel does conduct electricity, but steel roofs don’t attract lightning or increase the probability of a lightning strike. Four factors affect the probability of a lightning strike: • Topography: a structure located on a mountain or hill has a higher probability of a strike than one in a field. • Structure size and height: a tall structure or one that covers a great deal of ground has a higher probability of a strike than a short or small building. • Relative location in relation to taller structures: a small, short building near a taller structure has a lower probability of strike than the taller structure. • Severity and frequency of thunderstorms in the structure’s vicinity. However, on occasion, lightning does strike a house. If your home were hit, the steel roofing would disperse the energy safely through the structure. Since steel roofing isn’t combustible or flammable, it’s a low risk and desirable roofing option where severe weather is concerned -- especially for lightning. For More Information For additional information on steel roofing or other sheet steel building products, visit our website at www.cssbi.ca.
Position Paper on Oil-Canning: Specifying Wide Flat Panels in Metal Cladding
Trimet Building Products
What is Oil-Canning? Oil-canning is associated with all thin sheet metal products and occurs in the wide flat portions of the cladding profile. It is seen as a series of standing waves, or regular bumps and hollows alternating along the flat length of the panel. This waviness, when viewed under certain conditions, can be undesirable aesthetically and may not meet with the owner’s expectations. The CSSBI wants to help avoid this situation. The cladding manufacturers are aware of the potential for oil-canning in the cladding profiles and can help minimize the effect. It is important for the proper steps to be taken during manufacturing and installation to produce a quality finished product; therefore, specifiers should insist on product from a reliable, experienced cladding manufacturer, like a CSSBI member company. Quality control, however, cannot end on the shop floor. The building project needs the cooperation and knowledge of everyone involved to enhance the quality of the finished job. Oil-canning is a phenomenon that can be managed if the following factors are considered at the beginning of a project.
CSSBI 20M-2017: Standard for Sheet Steel Cladding for Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Building Applications
Trimet Building Products
PREFACE One of the objectives of the Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute is the development of product standards to promote safety and sound construction practices. This Standard is intended to assist specifiers, designers, buyers, manufacturers, and erectors of sheet steel cladding by providing information which can be adopted by reference where desired. This Standard replaces the previous edition dated November 2015. The requirements contained herein are in accordance with sound engineering principles, augmented by experience. They include recommended minimum requirements for such factors as grade of steel, thickness, metallic coating designation, loading and deflections, as well as design, fabrication and erection in general. While the material is believed to be technically correct and in accordance with recognized practice at the time of publication it does not obviate the need to determine its suitability for a given situation. Neither the Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute nor its members warrant or assume liability for the suitability of the material for any general or particular application.
CSSBI SSF 35-11: Residential Steel Roofing Installation Considerations
Trimet Building Products
One of the most common questions asked by homeowners about the installation of their steel roof is whether an underlayment is needed. The answer to this question is “yes” in most situations. The underlayment plays a critical role in controlling the migration of condensation that might develop on the underside of the steel sheet thereby preventing accumulated water entering the building resulting in costly damage.
Fire Rated Glass Helps SFPUC Building Achieve LEED Platinum
SAFTI FIRST
The new San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Headquarters combines maximum daylighting and fire safety with a multi-story, fire rated glass stairwell from SAFTI FIRST. Dubbed as the "greenest building in North America," this Class A LEED Platinum office building features a transparent, 2-hour fire rated stairwell, situated prominently near the main entrance. SAFTI FIRST supplied SuperLite II-XL 120 in GPX Architectural Series Wall Framing and SuperLite II-XL 90 in GPX Builders Series Temperature Rise Door starting from the lobby all the way to the topmost floor.
San Diego Highrise Uses Fire Rated Glass on South Facade
SAFTI FIRST
Because the Sapphire Towers' south facing elevation was in close proximity to the adjacent property, code regulations required the south façade to either be solid, which was contrary to the design, or to have openings with a minimum fire protection of 45 minutes. SAFTI FIRST® engineered a system that met the uniform design demands and performance requirements for the windows and balconies in all 32 floors in the south-facing elevation.
USA-made Fire Rated Glass Helps UC Merced Achieve Triple Zero Sustainability
SAFTI FIRST
The Merced 2020 Project, an ambitious, $1.2B, extensive expansion of the UC Merced campus, is “the largest public-private partnership social infrastructure project completed in U.S. history,” according to the university’s website. This includes new facilities used for academic, administration, laboratories, housing and recreation. This was truly exciting, and it struck a chord with SAFTI FIRST® because Merced is home to our manufacturing facilities.
Fire Resistive Glass Floors Make a Dramatic Statement in Nashville’s Historic Neighborhood
SAFTI FIRST
SAFTI FIRST® became aware of the new 21c Museum Hotel project when the design team called looking for an economical option for a unique fire rated application for a boutique hotel in Nashville’s historical Printers Alley neighborhood. The design featured a glass floor on the 2nd level that would also act as a light well. In order to comply with fire rated code requirements, the transparent floor needed to meet a 1-hour fire resistive rating.
Enhancing the #TargetRun with Oversized Fire Resistive Butt-Glazed Glass Walls
SAFTI FIRST
Who hasn’t uttered the words or at least heard of a “Target run”? What started out as a marketing campaign to get more foot traffic in their brick and mortar stores has become somewhat of a cultural phenomenon. Aside from being a call-to-action, #TargetRun is a trending hashtag used by shoppers to share their in-store shopping experience on social media.
Fire Rated Glass Adds Safety to Nanobioelectronics Clean Room
SAFTI FIRST
The Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering within the Gateway University Research Park in Greensboro, North Carolina is a new 105,000 sf interdisciplinary research facility dedicated to academic and industrial research. To create an open, transparent lab design, SAFTI FIRST® provided SuperLite® II-XL 60 in GPX® Architectural Series Frames for the 60 minute walls.
Fire Rated Switchable Glass Provides Privacy and Fire Protection at the University of Chicago Medical Center
SAFTI FIRST
The new 10-story “Center for Care and Discovery” building in the University of Chicago Medical Center’s campus is dubbed as the “hospital of the future” for its high-tech design and groundbreaking scientific work. At 1.2 million square feet, it is one of the largest buildings at the campus and has already transformed the skyline of Chicago’s south side.
Fire Rated Glass Contributes to Salt Lake City Public Safety Building’s Sustainable and Resilient Design Goals
SAFTI FIRST
The Salt Lake City Public Safety Building in Utah is the first U.S. Public Safety Building to achieve both a net-zero rating and LEED Platinum status and designed to survive a 7.5 magnitude earthquake and remain fully functional afterwards. This ensures that the city’s emergency operations center can survive and help the city recover in the event of an earthquake or a similar disaster. Fire rated glass contributes to achieving sustainable design goals by maximizing daylight penetration deep within a building and shared artificial lighting between spaces. It also ensures that occupants can exit the building safely in the event of an earthquake, which can damage sprinkler systems and render them ineffective.
St. Augustine’s Roman Catholic Church Dundas, ON, Canada
Mapei Inc.
St. Augustine’s Church is a magnificent Gothic-style church constructed in 1863. It was built to satisfy the needs of a small but ever-expanding congregation in Dundas, Ontario, after a spectacular fire destroyed the church of 1827. To protect the structural integrity of the construction, MAPEI products were used to waterproof the front foyer and provide crack isolation.
vivaNext mass-transit terminal construction - Toronto, ON.
Mapei Inc.
Faced with a tight schedule and challenging weather conditions, Belluz Group Ltd. turned to MAPEI for the range of high-end products and support that was needed to complete a new-build terminal project in the heart of Canada’s biggest city.
Shangri-La Hotel & Condos - Toronto, Ontario
Mapei Inc.
MAPEI’s self-leveling underlayment, Novoplan 2, was used to prepare the floors of the Shangri-La Hotel condos to receive stunning oak planks from Italy. The wood was installed using Ultrabond ECO 995 adhesive with built-in sound reduction and moisture barrier characteristics.
Skyline Lodge - Highlands, NC, USA.
Mapei Inc.
MAPEI’s Mapeheat™ radiant floor-heating system adds an extra touch of luxury to a five-star lodge.
Slush Puppie Center
Mapei Inc.
MAPEI products and experience helped ensure smooth-as-ice construction of hockey arena
Porsche Rive-Sud – Saint-Hubert, QC, Canada
Mapei Inc.
During construction of a luxury automotive dealership, MAPEI products were used for surface preparation, waterproofing, uncoupling protection, and tile and stone installation. High moisture content and a fast-approaching deadline were no match for these products, which produced award-winning results.
Bridgewater Residences on the Lake and The Pearle Hotel & Spa Burlington, ON, Canada
Mapei Inc.
A variety of setting materials and innovative sound-reduction products from MAPEI were all part of completing a new-build complex of luxury residences and a four-star Marriott hotel on Lake Ontario’s north shore.
Project Reference Database
LATICRETE International, Inc.
LATICRETE Project Reference Database
Fallsview Casino Entertainment Centre Niagara Falls, ON, Canada
Mapei Inc.
Amidst many challenges that were faced by contractors and installers of the newbuild Fallsview Casino Entertainment Centre in Niagara Falls, Ontario, the choice of MAPEI’s single-source solutions for setting materials proved to be a sure bet.
Lofts du Village Mapeheat Installation – Chelsea, QC, Canada
Mapei Inc.
When the people of Canada’s capital region seek relief from city life, they often retreat to the serene, natural beauty found in Quebec’s Gatineau hills. Here, where temperatures can drop to -38°F (-39°C) and snow falls seven months out of the year, heated flooring is a practical luxury. To help recreate a Scandinavian-style getaway for the Groupe Nordik Lofts du Village project, specifiers chose one of MAPEI’s Mapeheat floor-heating systems.
One World Trade Center
Master Builders Solutions
Soaring to a height of 1,776 feet (540-meters), the 2.6-million-squarefoot (242,000-square-meter) skyscraper known as One World Trade Center in the lower Manhattan district of New York City is a marvel of design and engineering. Construction of the building, previously called the Freedom Tower, began in April 2006 and at the time was the tallest building in the United States.The Challenge Sustainable design was a central theme to One World Trade Center’s development, with the Port Authority of New York/ New Jersey imposing a strict requirement for the replacement of Portland cement with recycled materials. In addition, extremely high performance concrete was necessary to meet the compressive strength requirements of the steel and concrete structural columns, which ranged from 14,000 psi (97 MPa) to 12,000 psi (83 MPa) for the lower 40 floors and 10,000 psi (69 MPa) to 8,600 psi (59 MPa) for the upper floors. The 12,000 psi (83 MPa) concrete phase of the project was the most challenging, with the engineers, owners and contractors all having their own requirements and specifications.The ResultsThrough Master Builders Solutions‘ Green Sense Concrete mixture optimization service, Eastern Concrete Materials was able to proportion an EF Technology® concrete mixture with 71% cement replacement. The mixture replaced Portland cement with the recycled materials, non-cementitious fillers and specialized admixtures to exceed all the performance targets specified by the One World Trade Center project stakeholders. This EF Technology mixture was used for the 38,000 yd3 (29,000 m3) of concrete needed for the columns through the first 40 floors. To quantify the environmental impact of sustainable concrete for the structure, an Eco-Efficiency Analysis was conducted, using a methodology validated by NSF International, to compare the specialized EF Technology mixture to a reference mixture. Some practical equivalents for these savings are: Water savings equal to 1,177,329 half-liter bottles of waterReduced carbon footprint equal to 1,835,494 gallons of gasolineFossil fuel savings equal to 29,872 barrels of oil
Ontario Court of Justice - Toronto
Master Builders Solutions
OverviewSet in the heart of downtown Toronto, the Ontario Court of Justice is the largest courthouse in Ontario and a benchmark for contemporary institutional construction. Completed in 2024, the project brings together 63 courtrooms and 10 conference settlement rooms in a LEED® Gold certified facility that reflects modern civic values—transparency, accessibility, and sustainability.Master Builders Solutions Canada Inc. played a key role in ensuring the structural concrete met the performance demands of this high-profile project.The ChallengeDelivering nearly 48,000 m³ of ready-mixed concrete in a downtown location posed numerous technical challenges. The structural design demanded high compressive strength, consistent workability, and durability to support complex load paths, security zones, and a tall atrium enclosed by a 20-metre glass façade.The project team required concrete solutions that would:Maintain workability over long pumping distances and vertical placements,Ensure strength development for critical structural zones (such as core walls and transfer slabs),Limit thermal cracking during curing in massive pours,Integrate seamlessly with staged slipform and rebar installation schedules.These demands were intensified by the need to meet LEED® Gold sustainability targets, tight construction timelines, and high public visibility.The ResultsMaster Builders Solutions Canada Inc. partnered closely with St Marys CBM to optimize concrete performance across all phases of construction. A suite of high-performance admixtures—including water reducers, retarders, and strength-enhancing additives—was deployed to address the project’s structural and logistical complexities.Key contributions included:Enhanced workability retention for long-distance pumping and complex placements, reducing placement time and labour.Improved early- and long-term strength development, enabling faster formwork cycling and reliable performance in high-load areas.Mitigated thermal buildup in mass pours to control cracking and ensure durability over the structure’s lifecycle.Admixture compatibility with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), aligning with the project’s environmental goals.By tailoring admixture solutions to the precise performance needs of each mix design, Master Builders Solutions supported consistent quality and efficiency throughout the build.The Ontario Court of Justice now stands not only as a civic institution but also as a demonstration of what is possible when modern structural design and advanced concrete technology are brought together. The project exemplifies how Master Builders Solutions helps construction teams deliver on performance, sustainability, and long-term value.
CSSBI SSF 18-10: Sheet Steel Products and Pressure Treated Wood
Trimet Building Products
IntroductionSheet Steel Roo ng and SidingLightweight Steel FramingIsolate the Steel and Wood ComponentsAvoid Use of Pressure Treated WoodFastenersMany buildings will include wood members in applicationssuch as sill plates, splash boards, strapping, purlins, door orwindow bucks, and posts. In some of these end-uses it is arequirement that the wood be chemically treated (pressuretreated) to extend the service life.Designers and builders need to be aware that changes in theavailable wood perservatives may impact the durability ofany connected steel components or fasteners.E ective January 1, 2004 the Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) banned the use of Chromated CopperArsenate (CCA) as a preservative in treated lumber forresidential construction. This was done in an e ort to reducethe use of chromate and arsenic thereby mitigating thepotential health and environmental problems. The woodpreservative industry has been switching to alternativewaterborne compounds including Sodium Borate (SBX),Alkaline Copper Quat (ACQ), Copper Azole (CBA-A and CA-B),and Ammoniacal Copper Zinc Arsenate (ACZA).Unfortunately, research has indicated that ACQ, CBA-A, CA-Band ACZA, the new generation copper-based products, aremore corrosive to galvanized steel than the former CCA.Since ACQ is becoming the predominant preservative in use,the discussions in this paper will refer to it exclusively.The purpose of this Fact Sheet is to convey the recommendations of the sheet steel industry for the application of steelproducts with ACQ pressure treated wood.
Steel: unparalleled fire safety
Trimet Building Products
Steel: unparalleled fire safety Life safety, and specifically fire protection, has been a primary concern of the building codes. Steel is a non-combustible material and consequently does not burn, provide an ignition source or add fuel load that would enable a fire to spread or grow into a catastrophic event. Steel does not melt at temperatures typically encountered in a building fire. Its non-combustibility and assembly fire ratings do not degrade over the lifecycle of a building. This provides a reduced fire risk, to workers and occupants, minimizes the impact on municipal fire services, decreases the reliance on sprinklers, and results in less property damage and collateral damage to adjacent buildings if a fire should ever occur. • Steel has a melting point of approximately 1,500ºC (2,700ºF). In a typical fire, such as in an office, residential or retail occupancy, the maximum temperature of a fully developed fire will not likely exceed a range of 800ºC to 900ºC (1,500ºF to 1,650ºF), though it could reach a peak of 1,100ºC (2,000ºF) for a short duration. • Building codes recognize the fact that buildings, designed with non-combustible materials like steel, pose less of a fire risk to the public than combustible systems, which are limited to six storeys in height in Canada and 25.9m (85 ft.) in the US. STEEL IS A NON-COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL AND CONSEQUENTLY DOES NOT BURN, nor does it provide an ignition source or add fuel load that would enable a fire to spread or grow into a catastrophic event. “Changes in the building codes that allow combustible framing in taller and larger buildings have gone too far and it’s created a perfect storm that can quickly overwhelm the ability of the fire service to respond.” CHIEF STEVE LOHR, HAGERSTOWN (MD) FIRE DEPARTMENT
Fastener Guide for Sheet Steel Building Products
Trimet Building Products
Fastener Guide for Sheet Steel Building Products
CSSBI SSF 38-12: CSSBI Position Paper on CGSB Standards for Prefinished Sheet Steel Cladding
Trimet Building Products
CSSBI Position Paper on CGSB Standards for Prefinished Sheet Steel Cladding The National Building Code of Canada 2010 includes references to two documents published by the Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB) dealing with prefinished sheet steel cladding. These documents are: • CAN/CGSB-93.3–M91 Prefinished Galvanized and Aluminum-Zinc Alloy Steel Sheet for Residential Use • CAN/CGSB-93.4–92 Galvanized Steel and Aluminum-Zinc Alloy Coated Steel Siding, Soffits and Fascia, Prefinished, Residential It is important to realize that there are no sheet steel products currently manufactured in Canada that meet the requirements contained in these CGSB standards.
Steel: The obvious choice for midrise construction
Trimet Building Products
Steel is a major and essential construction material, offering unique value and unmatched performance in many end uses. Steel is strong, safe, durable, versatile, resilient and cost-effective. Steel is sustainable, with the exceptional environmental advantages of being highly recycled and infinitely recyclable. Steel is tough and does not rot, spall, split or absorb moisture and is resistant to pests, unlike other building materials. And from an aesthetic or architectural viewpoint, steel structures can easily deliver creative design options and offer excellent value. Steel is the fabric of life.
Crosstown Condos - 844 Don Mills
Envirospec
Crosstown Condos, a landmark development in Toronto’s Don Mills neighbourhood, represents the future of modern urban living, blending quality construction, sustainability, and thoughtful design. Set adjacent to the upcoming Eglinton Crosstown LRT Line 5, the community offers seamless transit connectivity alongside state-of-the-art amenities.At the core of its expansive outdoor terraces and rooftop patios lies Envirospec’s Canadian-made PAVE-EL Pedestal system, a solution that proves smart infrastructure can deliver long-term value.Challenge:The project included large outdoor amenity spaces across multiple residential towers. These spaces required a raised pedestal system that could ensure perfect levelling, long-term durability, effective drainage, and performance in all seasons — all while being cost- and material-efficient.Solution:Envirospec’s PAVE-EL Pedestal system was selected for its precision engineering, durability, and ease of installation. Unlike screwjack systems that require full pedestals throughout, PAVE-EL’s modular approach allowed installers to use half pedestals along patio edges and quarter pedestals in corners, reducing material requirements significantly.This not only cut material waste but also reduced installation time and labour costs, with installation completed in approximately one-third the time compared to traditional systems. Backed by a 40-year track record of zero product failures and a 25-year warranty, PAVE-EL offers peace of mind along with proven long-term performance. Outcome:Material Savings: Smart use of half and quarter pedestal sizes reduced overall pedestal material needs.Cost & Time Reduction: Faster, simpler installation led to lower labour costs and project efficiency, allowing construction teams to move on to the next stage of the project more quickly.Performance: Patios achieved perfect levelling and drainage, enhancing resident comfort, enjoyment and outdoor usability.Sustainability: The polyethylene-based system is designed to last over 100 years, with a 25-year warranty, aligning with the development’s long-term sustainability goals and reducing environmental impact. Withstands all natural temperatures on Earth. Made in Canada: Supporting local innovation and supply chain reliability.By leveraging the versatility and durability of the PAVE-EL system, Crosstown Condos showcases how innovative construction solutions can elevate both form and function in modern developments.
Staples
Hush Acoustics (Canada)
Since 2020, Hush Acoustics has been collaborating with Staples on a nationwide project to enhance the acoustic environment across their North American stores. The goal was to replace conventional materials with those offering superior acoustic properties, all while preserving Staples’ iconic brand look and feel. This ambitious project spans across the nation, aiming to transform the auditory experience in Staples stores without compromising on aesthetics.
Rose Rocket
Hush Acoustics (Canada)
Rose Rocket, a Canadian software company, established their head office in the heart of downtown Toronto in 2020. They chose a heritage site featuring a three-story atrium surrounded by a ‘U’-shaped office space. Ray Architecture Studio partnered with Hush Acoustics to bring their interior design vision to life, which included smaller meeting rooms, larger boardrooms, and an open office concept.
KidsAbility
Hush Acoustics (Canada)
KidsAbility Centre for Childhood Development recently moved to a new location that features a wide, high open ceiling. This architectural design element, while visually appealing, required effective sound absorption to ensure a comfortable and functional environment. Architects from Walter Fedy proposed an innovative solution: creating floating beams with wave patterns to enhance both the acoustic performance and the visual appeal of the space.
Conestoga College
Hush Acoustics (Canada)
As part of Conestoga College’s campus expansion, several new rooms and spaces required acoustic solutions to enhance quietness for the large student population. The Brantford and College 1 Young buildings were particularly in need of such materials. Hush Acoustics collaborated with the college to provide innovative acoustic products for these areas, effectively addressing their specific needs.
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