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CSSBI SSF 50-20:
Is Rain on a Steel Roof Louder than on an Asphalt Roof?

CSSBI SSF 50-20: Is Rain on a Steel Roof Louder than on an Asphalt Roof?

Trimet Building Products

A question that homeowners often ask about steel roofing is “Will a steel roof be noisy when it rains?”. We’ve created this fact sheet to help answer that question. Residential steel roofing is available in many shapes and forms. The forming process provides not only strength, but when coupled with high quality build finishes, absorbs and deadens much of the noise. With the home insulation standards of today, you should not notice any difference in noise levels between roofing materials. 
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Fire Rated Glazing Helps Historic University Preserve its Past

Fire Rated Glazing Helps Historic University Preserve its Past

SAFTI FIRST

The new Robert B. Aikens Commons at the University of Michigan Law School was built on an unused grassy courtyard between Hutchins Hall and the legal research building. The proximity of the new common area to historic Hutchins Hall posed a unique challenge. The building code required a 2 hour fire rated barrier between them. The architects specified SuperLite® II-XL 120, a clear, fire resistive glazing product that meets the ASTM E-119 wall standard for up to 2 hours.
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Fire Rated Glazing Helps Achieve Unobstructed, Floor-to-Ceiling Views in 2-Hour Atrium Wall

Fire Rated Glazing Helps Achieve Unobstructed, Floor-to-Ceiling Views in 2-Hour Atrium Wall

SAFTI FIRST

There is a growing trend in office space design that favors increased opportunities for connectivity and collaboration among its occupants. In buildings with multiple floors, this can be a challenge as the vertical separation between floors makes face-to-face encounters less likely to happen. One way to get around this is by incorporating an atrium. See how fire rated glass helped the designers meet the fire rated requirements for this atrium while providing clear, unobstructed views.
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Beautiful 2-Hour Glass Floor Brings Light and Protection to San Francisco’s Union Square Station

Beautiful 2-Hour Glass Floor Brings Light and Protection to San Francisco’s Union Square Station

SAFTI FIRST

SAFTI FIRST® provided a unique, artistic 2-hour fire resistive glass floor to the new Union Square Station in San Francisco. This glass floor acts as a lightwell and designed to improve wayfinding by welcoming commuters into the concourse level while meeting all the fire rated code requirements. Because SAFTI FIRST®’s products are proudly USA-made, it met the Buy America requirements of the project as well.
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Cincinnati Art Museum Renovation Features Transparent Stairwell

Cincinnati Art Museum Renovation Features Transparent Stairwell

SAFTI FIRST

When the Cincinnati Art Museum embarked on an $11 million renovation, the architects wanted the entrance and main stair to be as inviting as possible. Transparent, fire rated glazing from SAFTI FIRST® was a key component of the design solution. To maximize the vision area in door itself, SuperLite® II-XL 60 in GPX® Builders Series Temperature Rise full-lite doors. In some of the stairwell doors in less prominent locations, SAFTI FIRST® provided SuperLite® X-90 for the vision panels under 100 sq. inches.
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New 45 Minute Fire Rated Glass Makes Visual Connectivity Possible, Beautiful and Affordable at Campus Housing

New 45 Minute Fire Rated Glass Makes Visual Connectivity Possible, Beautiful and Affordable at Campus Housing

SAFTI FIRST

The design limitations of fire rated ceramic glass have finally given way to a revolutionary new product like SuperClear® 45-HS-LI, a truly clear 45 minute fire rated glass that meets all fire, safety and hose stream requirements at a fraction of the price of ceramics. See how the design team at EYP used SuperClear® 45-HS-LI to their advantage at the 1,197-bed Quad on the University of Houston campus.
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Fire Rated Glass Provides Privacy, Daylight at Ridgewood High

Fire Rated Glass Provides Privacy, Daylight at Ridgewood High

SAFTI FIRST

For a recent renovation of a stairwell and exit corridors at Ridgewood High School in Illinois, the design team specified SuperLite® II-XL 60 in GPX® Architectural Series Framing for its optical clarity, storefront-like appearance, and high STC ratings. In order to meet the code requirements and maximize the daylight penetrating into the building, the architects decided to use fire rated glass in the one-hour exit corridor. Because the glazing exceeds 25% of the wall area, fire resistive glass and framing assemblies rated equal to the wall had to be used.
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Tall Order at the Exploratorium

Tall Order at the Exploratorium

SAFTI FIRST

The newly opened Exploratorium has brought energy and excitement to the city's bustling waterfront. EHDD transformed the historic Pier 15, built in 1915, to a 330,000 square foot indoor and outdoor campus, being touted as the largest net-zero building in the city and potentially the largest net-zero museum in the world. SAFTI FIRST® supplied a total of 19 pairs of 45-minute steel doors 11 pairs on north side and 8 pairs on the south side using SuperLite® II-XL 45 IGU in GPX® Builders Series Fire Protective.
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Glazing Offers a Fire and Hurricane Rated Solution for US Veterans

Glazing Offers a Fire and Hurricane Rated Solution for US Veterans

SAFTI FIRST

The new Orlando VA Medical Center needed glazing that would not only provide light and transparency, but fire and hurricane protection and improved energy performance. SuperLite® II-XL in GPX® Hurricane Framing from SAFTI FIRST® was installed in exterior fire-rated locations that were exposed to the elements. These assemblies were rigorously tested and certified for fire and radiant heat protection for up to two hours, large missile impact, air and water infiltration, and cyclic wind loading.
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Technical College Renovation Features Fire Rated Glass Walls

Technical College Renovation Features Fire Rated Glass Walls

SAFTI FIRST

Central to the building's design are several simulation labs, practice labs, and mock operating rooms where students can observe instructors and each other as they perform their tasks. Because these labs are in areas where a 1-hour fire rating has to be maintained, the architects chose to combine vision, transparency, and fire safety with SuperLite® II-XL 60 in GPX® Architectural Series framing.
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GPX® Framing with Sunshade Connectors at Doolittle BART Station

GPX® Framing with Sunshade Connectors at Doolittle BART Station

SAFTI FIRST

For BART's Doolittle Maintenance Facility at the new Oakland Airport connector, SAFTI FIRST® provided 60 minute, fire resistive wall openings in the exterior using SuperLite® II-XL 60 insulated with low-e glazing in GPX® Framing with a clear anodized finish. SAFTI FIRST® engineered a connection that allows the structural elements of the GPX® Architectural Series Framing System to support an integral sunshade system, instead of being hung in front of it. The Doolittle Bart Station is one of the first installations of the GPX® Architectural Series System with sunshade connections, which also include SLCC New Instruction and Administrative Building in Salt Lake City, UT.
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Boston Building Protects Property Line with Fire Resistive Curtain Wall

Boston Building Protects Property Line with Fire Resistive Curtain Wall

SAFTI FIRST

The west-facing elevation of The Kensington in Boston, MA, was in close proximity to the property line, prompting the building official to require part of the curtain wall had to meet ASTM E-119/NFPA 251/UL263 for 60 minutes. SAFTI FIRST® supplied SuperLite® II-XL 60 insulated with Solarban 70XL in GPX® Curtain Wall Framing in a continuous span from the seventh to the tenth floors.
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Fire Resistive Curtain Wall at Aspen Art Museum

Fire Resistive Curtain Wall at Aspen Art Museum

SAFTI FIRST

Designed by Pritzker prize winning architect Shigeru Ban, the brand new 33,000 sf Aspen Art Museum boasts large exterior glass walls designed to keep the visitors engaged with views of the beautiful Aspen landscape. SAFTI FIRST®’s engineering team provided design assistance and supplied a 2 hour fire resistive curtain wall with SuperLite® II-XL 120 with Starphire Ultra-Clear Glass insulated with Viracon VE13-85 in GPX® Curtain Wall Framing. A woven screen encloses the glass curtain wall to provide shading from direct sunlight.
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Clear, Fire Resistive Butt-Glazed Walls Create Transparent, Connected and Code-compliant Stairwell

Clear, Fire Resistive Butt-Glazed Walls Create Transparent, Connected and Code-compliant Stairwell

SAFTI FIRST

The University of Wisconsin School of Business Grainger Hall’s east and west wings are now linked by a state-of-the-art Learning Commons that encourages collaboration through technology and design. To achieve maximum transparency while meeting code requirements, the architects specified 9 ft. tall, clear, fire resistive butt-glazed walls using SuperLite® II-XLM in GPX® Architectural Series perimeter framing.
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Fire Rated Glass Transforms Retail Parking Garage with Natural Light and Vision

Fire Rated Glass Transforms Retail Parking Garage with Natural Light and Vision

SAFTI FIRST

Traditional parking garage designs used to have opaque fire rated building materials like concrete, masonry and drywall which made these spaces dark, cold and uninviting. That all changed, thanks to the emergence of new technology, clear, fire resistive glazing tested to ULC/CAN S101 up to 2 hours that are available in large sizes and low-iron glass make-ups with high visible light transmission for superior clarity and color neutrality.
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Chicago Starbucks Reserve Turns Stair-Climbing Into Unforgettable Experience Using Fire Rated Glass

Chicago Starbucks Reserve Turns Stair-Climbing Into Unforgettable Experience Using Fire Rated Glass

SAFTI FIRST

The Starbucks Reserve Roastery in Chicago features an incredible, 4-story mural by local artist Eulojio Ortega. The mural, brilliant for conveying the story as visitors go from floor to floor, is interestingly located in an exit stairwell. Traditionally, stairwells are enclosed in opaque walls, leaving them dark, isolated, and rarely utilized unless in an emergency. To allow the mural to be visible through multiple floors, encourage stair usage and meet fire rated code requirements, the architects redesigned the 2- hour stairwell using transparent, floor-to-ceiling butt-glazed glass walls with the largest tested and listed fire resistive glass panels available.
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Light-Filled Transit Center Receives Honor with the Help of Fire Resistive Butt-Glazed Glass Walls

Light-Filled Transit Center Receives Honor with the Help of Fire Resistive Butt-Glazed Glass Walls

SAFTI FIRST

Bringing the outside in was an important design element for the newly opened BART Milpitas Transit Center. ASTM E-119/UL 263/CAN ULC S101 rated, fire resistive SuperLite® II-XLB 60 butt-glazed walls were used for the 1 hour light wells to allow abundant natural light to flow vertically and horizontally through two levels – from the entrance/ticketing level and all the way down to the tracks where the train cars are.
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Medical Center Maximizes Natural Daylight with Fire Rated Glass

Medical Center Maximizes Natural Daylight with Fire Rated Glass

SAFTI FIRST

Central to the new UC Davis Medical Center Surgery and Emergency Services Pavilion's design was a large skylight that allows natural light to vertically flow into the atrium area and other light wells throughout the building. However, they also wanted to let light flow horizontally into the adjacent hallways, rooms, etc. Because the walls in the atrium and light wells have to meet a 2-hour rating, Stantec Architects approached SAFTI FIRST® for a solution. Large portions of the 2 hour atrium and light well walls were made “transparent” with the use of SuperLite® II-XL 120 in GPX® Framing.
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Fire Rated Glass Brings Whimsical and Reliable Protection at Children’s Hospital

Fire Rated Glass Brings Whimsical and Reliable Protection at Children’s Hospital

SAFTI FIRST

One of the highlights of the SUNY University Hospital’s vertical expansion is the addition of the Golisano Children’s Hospital on the top two floors of the six-story addition. Since the project added new floors, stairwell enclosures were also added. Traditionally, stairwells are relegated to the back of the building, and are usually closed-off, dimly lit and seldom used. Today, stairwells are becoming a prominent design feature and their use is encouraged more and more for the health benefits that stair climbing provides.
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Fire Rated Curtain Wall Performance in Dramatic Weather Conditions

Fire Rated Curtain Wall Performance in Dramatic Weather Conditions

SAFTI FIRST

As far as extreme environments go, Wisconsin has some of the most dramatic in North America. During the winter months, temperatures regularly dip well below freezing, and in the summer months the temperatures can reach up to 90 degrees Fahrenheit with significant humidity levels for extended periods of time. Given these dramatic weather conditions, the materials chosen for the building envelope should not only protect building occupants from the elements, but ensure their comfort as well.
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Fire Resistive Transparent Walls Transform Stairwells and Exits to Inviting, Light-filled Spaces

Fire Resistive Transparent Walls Transform Stairwells and Exits to Inviting, Light-filled Spaces

SAFTI FIRST

To preserve the building’s open design and to extend natural light further in the building, the architects incorporated fire resistive glazing in the areas that required a 2-hour fire rating, particularly in the stairwells and exit passageways at the new Kent State University College of Architecture and Environmental Design.
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Fire Rated Security Glass at Plaquemines Parish Detention Center

Fire Rated Security Glass at Plaquemines Parish Detention Center

SAFTI FIRST

Plaquemines Parish Detention Center was one of the major structures devastated by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. In rebuilding, designers L. R. Kimball looked for an all-in-one clear, wire-free glazing solution that protects against fire, bullets and forced entry. SAFTI FIRST® supplied a complete single-source tested and listed assembly that was easy to install and maintenance-free.
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Florida Condos Install Fire and Hurricane Rated Glass Wall Assemblies

Florida Condos Install Fire and Hurricane Rated Glass Wall Assemblies

SAFTI FIRST

SAFTI FIRST® developed, engineered and successfully tested the first-ever fire and hurricane rated assembly for the Las Olas Beach Club and Condominium, a luxurious multi-family residence in Ft. Lauderdale, FL. The architect wanted to design the units with as much glazing as possible so residents can enjoy views of the surrounding area from their homes.
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The Miracle of 520 West 20th Street

The Miracle of 520 West 20th Street

SAFTI FIRST

The architects at Morris Adjmi wanted large, 11-ft. tall glass walls to highlight the breathtaking views for the reimagined Warehouse in New York City’s growing architectural wonderland of Chelsea. However, the building was on a lot line, mandating 2 hour fire walls. SAFTI FIRST® made this dream a reality by supplying the largest tested and listed 2 hour fire resistive glazing available today. The inclusion of low-iron glass in the fire-resistive glazing units ensured superior clarity and aesthetic continuity with the adjacent non-rated windows. The fire resistive units incorporated high performance glazing and were filled with argon for energy efficiency and occupant comfort.
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Fire Rated Glazing Gets Visitors ‘In the Spirit’ of Historic Bourbon Distillery

Fire Rated Glazing Gets Visitors ‘In the Spirit’ of Historic Bourbon Distillery

SAFTI FIRST

As America celebrated National Bourbon Day on June 14, downtown Louisville also celebrated the highly anticipated grand opening of the Old Forester Distillery. This event is also touted as a triumphant return of America’s first bottled bourbon in continuous production by the same family before, during, and after Prohibition to Whiskey Row. See how SAFTI FIRST®’s fire rated glass walls helped create an immersive visitor center with a fully operational distillery, cooperage and bottling line.
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Porsche Design Tower Sets a New Standard of Cool with the Help of Fire Rated Glass

Porsche Design Tower Sets a New Standard of Cool with the Help of Fire Rated Glass

SAFTI FIRST

Perhaps no other residential high-rise has created more buzz than the highly-anticipated Porsche Design Tower in Sunny Isles, Florida. A collaboration between Dezer Development and the Porsche Design Group, the 60-story, 132-residence luxury tower designed by Sieger Suarez Architects promises to deliver a new standard of cool.
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Cool Metal Roofing -Questionable Value in Cold Canadian Climates

Cool Metal Roofing -Questionable Value in Cold Canadian Climates

Trimet Building Products

It’s a fact that buildings consume two thirds of all the electricity produced in North America and one third of all the energy produced in North America. While it is recognized that adding insulation under the roof surface can reduce cooling and heating costs, there is a diminishing return on the strategy of increasing insulation to conserve energy costs. This is where “cool roofing” can play a role in further reducing the energy consumed, and in minimizing the Heat Island effect created in the big urban cities. Cool roofing relies on sustainable, energy efficient, coated steel products, in a wide variety of finishes, colours, textures and roofing profiles. It conserves energy through its properties of reflectivity and emissivity
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CSSBI SSF 19-05:
Explosion Venting for Steel Frame Buildings

CSSBI SSF 19-05: Explosion Venting for Steel Frame Buildings

Trimet Building Products

Executive Summary The aim of this fact sheet is to advocate an alternative solution for the Steel Industry in regards to restrictive code provisions for explosion venting that are now mandated by the Ontario Fire Code (OFC). Due to a September 2000 amendment of code provisions dealing with explosion venting in the OFC, explosion vent designs were required to be in conformance with NFPA 68, the National Fire Protection Association’s (NFPA) Guide for Venting of Deflagrations. NFPA 68 gives a prescriptive solution that has upper bound limits on size and mass of an explosion vent panel, which the Steel Industry finds are too small to be practical. The Canadian Steel Construction Council (CSCC) investigated this problem and identified an alternate design guideline from the Factory Mutual Insurance Company’s (FM) Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets, numbered 1-44 and entitled “Damage Limiting Construction”. FM’s 1-44 Data Sheets can be used to develop an alternate solution for explosion venting that exceed the size and mass limits of the NFPA 68 prescriptive solution, and can be submitted for approval under the Compliance Equivalency provisions in the OFC. With the introduction of an objective based National Building Code Canada (NBCC) in 2005 followed by Provincial code adoptions in 2006 it would be worthwhile to establish a precedent through the Compliance Equivalency provision in the OFC. Once a precedent setting case occurs, the “acceptable solution” or “compliance alternative” would go on record and aid in resolving subsequent proposals for Compliance Equivalency, and also support a future technical change in the OFC. The CSCC by way of this fact sheet would advocate this alternative solution for the Steel Industry when designing explosion vent panels in steel framed buildings.
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Steel and the Green Movement

Steel and the Green Movement

Trimet Building Products

Global warming and climate change are two terms found increasingly in headlines around the world. Initiatives such as the Kyoto Protocol have brought these issues to the forefront and provide a framework and objectives for reducing greenhouse gases (GHG). GHG are heat trapping gases, such as water vapour, carbon dioxide, or methane that absorb the earth’s heat and hinder it from being released into space. As levels of GHG build up in the atmosphere, a greenhouse effect takes place that warms the earth’s atmosphere and makes global climate change inevitable. A?itudes on environmental issues are changing worldwide. Developed nations are commi?ing to reducing GHG emissions to 5.2% below the 1990 baseline by 2012. Notably, Canada has commi?ed to reducing its GHG emissions to 6% below 1990 levels, which corresponds to a gap of 29.1% of where the nation is and where it wants to be. An ambitious undertaking, considering that Canada’s GHG emissions have been steadily on the rise over the years and in 2004 was actually 26.6% higher than 1990 levels. On a positive note, in the last two years emissions have started to decline, but there remains a long way still to go. =e quest for a greener Canada continues and helping to lead the way to a greener Canada is the nation’s steel industry, which is making great strides in reducing GHG emissions, conserving energy, and lessening impacts on our air, water, and land.
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CSSBI S8-2018:
Quality and Performance Specification for Prefinished Sheet Steel Used for Building Products

CSSBI S8-2018: Quality and Performance Specification for Prefinished Sheet Steel Used for Building Products

Trimet Building Products

1. SCOPE 1.1 The following specifications shall apply to hot-dipped metallic-coated sheet steel prefinished with colours of proven durability and suitable for exterior exposure as delivered from the coil coater. Proven paint systems for building products have been designed for vertical applications whose surfaces are no more than 30° to the vertical and non-vertical applications whose surfaces ranging from 5° up to 60° to the horizontal. It is not recommended for aggressive atmospheric exposure. 1.2 The prefinish system shall consist of a primer and topcoat continuously applied and cured within the paint manufacturer’s specifications on cleaned, pretreated, metallic-coated substrate. The pretreatment specified shall be zinc phosphate for galvanized steel and metal oxide pretreatment for aluminum-zinc alloy-coated steel, applied in accordance with the pretreatment manufacturer’s specifications.
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Crosstown Condos - 844 Don Mills

Crosstown Condos - 844 Don Mills

Envirospec

Crosstown Condos, a landmark development in Toronto’s Don Mills neighbourhood, represents the future of modern urban living, blending quality construction, sustainability, and thoughtful design. Set adjacent to the upcoming Eglinton Crosstown LRT Line 5, the community offers seamless transit connectivity alongside state-of-the-art amenities.At the core of its expansive outdoor terraces and rooftop patios lies Envirospec’s Canadian-made PAVE-EL Pedestal system, a solution that proves smart infrastructure can deliver long-term value.Challenge:The project included large outdoor amenity spaces across multiple residential towers. These spaces required a raised pedestal system that could ensure perfect levelling, long-term durability, effective drainage, and performance in all seasons — all while being cost- and material-efficient.Solution:Envirospec’s PAVE-EL Pedestal system was selected for its precision engineering, durability, and ease of installation. Unlike screwjack systems that require full pedestals throughout, PAVE-EL’s modular approach allowed installers to use half pedestals along patio edges and quarter pedestals in corners, reducing material requirements significantly.This not only cut material waste but also reduced installation time and labour costs, with installation completed in approximately one-third the time compared to traditional systems. Backed by a 40-year track record of zero product failures and a 25-year warranty, PAVE-EL offers peace of mind along with proven long-term performance. Outcome:Material Savings: Smart use of half and quarter pedestal sizes reduced overall pedestal material needs.Cost & Time Reduction: Faster, simpler installation led to lower labour costs and project efficiency, allowing construction teams to move on to the next stage of the project more quickly.Performance: Patios achieved perfect levelling and drainage, enhancing resident comfort, enjoyment and outdoor usability.Sustainability: The polyethylene-based system is designed to last over 100 years, with a 25-year warranty, aligning with the development’s long-term sustainability goals and reducing environmental impact. Withstands all natural temperatures on Earth. Made in Canada: Supporting local innovation and supply chain reliability.By leveraging the versatility and durability of the PAVE-EL system, Crosstown Condos showcases how innovative construction solutions can elevate both form and function in modern developments.
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Rose Rocket

Rose Rocket

Hush Acoustics (Canada)

Rose Rocket, a Canadian software company, established their head office in the heart of downtown Toronto in 2020. They chose a heritage site featuring a three-story atrium surrounded by a ‘U’-shaped office space. Ray Architecture Studio partnered with Hush Acoustics to bring their interior design vision to life, which included smaller meeting rooms, larger boardrooms, and an open office concept.
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Conestoga College

Conestoga College

Hush Acoustics (Canada)

As part of Conestoga College’s campus expansion, several new rooms and spaces required acoustic solutions to enhance quietness for the large student population. The Brantford and College 1 Young buildings were particularly in need of such materials. Hush Acoustics collaborated with the college to provide innovative acoustic products for these areas, effectively addressing their specific needs.
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KidsAbility

KidsAbility

Hush Acoustics (Canada)

KidsAbility Centre for Childhood Development recently moved to a new location that features a wide, high open ceiling. This architectural design element, while visually appealing, required effective sound absorption to ensure a comfortable and functional environment. Architects from Walter Fedy proposed an innovative solution: creating floating beams with wave patterns to enhance both the acoustic performance and the visual appeal of the space.
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Staples

Staples

Hush Acoustics (Canada)

Since 2020, Hush Acoustics has been collaborating with Staples on a nationwide project to enhance the acoustic environment across their North American stores. The goal was to replace conventional materials with those offering superior acoustic properties, all while preserving Staples’ iconic brand look and feel. This ambitious project spans across the nation, aiming to transform the auditory experience in Staples stores without compromising on aesthetics.
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One World Trade Center

One World Trade Center

Master Builders Solutions

Soaring to a height of 1,776 feet (540-meters), the 2.6-million-squarefoot (242,000-square-meter) skyscraper known as One World Trade Center in the lower Manhattan district of New York City is a marvel of design and engineering. Construction of the building, previously called the Freedom Tower, began in April 2006 and at the time was the tallest building in the United States.The Challenge Sustainable design was a central theme to One World Trade Center’s development, with the Port Authority of New York/ New Jersey imposing a strict requirement for the replacement of Portland cement with recycled materials. In addition, extremely high performance concrete was necessary to meet the compressive strength requirements of the steel and concrete structural columns, which ranged from 14,000 psi (97 MPa) to 12,000 psi (83 MPa) for the lower 40 floors and 10,000 psi (69 MPa) to 8,600 psi (59 MPa) for the upper floors. The 12,000 psi (83 MPa) concrete phase of the project was the most challenging, with the engineers, owners and contractors all having their own requirements and specifications.The ResultsThrough Master Builders Solutions‘ Green Sense Concrete mixture optimization service, Eastern Concrete Materials was able to proportion an EF Technology® concrete mixture with 71% cement replacement. The mixture replaced Portland cement with the recycled materials, non-cementitious fillers and specialized admixtures to exceed all the performance targets specified by the One World Trade Center project stakeholders. This EF Technology mixture was used for the 38,000 yd3 (29,000 m3) of concrete needed for the columns through the first 40 floors. To quantify the environmental impact of sustainable concrete for the structure, an Eco-Efficiency Analysis was conducted, using a methodology validated by NSF International, to compare the specialized EF Technology mixture to a reference mixture. Some practical equivalents for these savings are: Water savings equal to 1,177,329 half-liter bottles of waterReduced carbon footprint equal to 1,835,494 gallons of gasolineFossil fuel savings equal to 29,872 barrels of oil

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